The opening of a new bank in America provides hope that more will follow.
The FHFA said two-thirds of the mortgage loans underlying securities the banks sold had underwriting defects.
BNP Paribas, HSBC, and Royal Bank of Scotland are told to resubmit their plans by the end of the year.
Royal Bank of Scotland writes down the value of Citizens Financial in an admission it overpaid for the U.S. bank and subsequent bolt-on deals.
The EU's bank-resolution law, which requires creditors to take losses before the government steps in, will lead to more ratings actions.
After weeks of relatively strong economic reports and employment gains, hiring by U.S. businesses slowed last month.
